Lexicon – English to Tosi

  • a criminal — liuk
  • a type of shrub — giːv
  • ability — leːt
  • accident, mistake, « oops! » — miʃ
  • admirably aggressive, badass — kilwa
  • admiration, respect; gratitude; love; emotional warmth — am
  • adore, love dearly — buːt
  • advise — seːt
  • advisor — setʃ
  • age, get older — xilis (v. intr.)
  • air — os
  • alcoholic drink made from local root (similar to whisky?) — taːl
  • alive — dʒin
  • anger — on
  • angle — sur
  • appreciate — fari
  • argument — fef
  • arm — neːʃ
  • around — tag
  • arrow — leːl
  • arrow — ɣis
  • art — tʃuːma
  • autumn — dilu
  • bad — fiːŋ
  • balance — xiːg
  • bar, shaft — ʃut
  • bark of a tree — tʃoːŋ
  • battle — ruʃ
  • be alert; watch closely — pix
  • be disgusted — jeːx
  • be drunk; be in a daze; be drowsy; be confused; be lethargic — dazan
  • be passionate, be full of conviction — emjed
  • beat senseless (literally) — raz
  • beat, abuse, injure; slander publicly; humiliate — bat
  • beautiful, appealing — loj
  • beckon — jasul
  • beer — dʒel
  • beer — ʃon
  • belt — nuk
  • bend — um
  • best — naɣuː
  • betrayal — neki
  • big — gun
  • big stick for beating people with — ak
  • bind — akruː
  • bird — naː
  • birdsong — liru
  • bitch, complain, gripe — naʃ
  • black — ror
  • blade — mes
  • blade — ɣiːl
  • bland — gel
  • blank, washed out — xadʒo
  • blight — kux
  • blood — sen
  • blow — kuː
  • blue — niʒ
  • blunt — ef
  • board — biːt
  • boat — jaːs
  • book — josek
  • boring — dal
  • bowl — ov
  • box — vet
  • brag — lek
  • brain — niɣ
  • break — ʃek
  • breast — lema
  • bribe — gazin
  • bright green — ziːn
  • bring — fedu
  • bundle — votʃ
  • buy — ʃil
  • canopy — tiːv
  • caress, touch gently; sing softly — lulaʃ
  • carpet — iɣdoːl
  • carpet — kad
  • cart — ker
  • castle — gerti
  • castrate; pick (fruit); pluck off; unarm — tʃelesod
  • castrated male — vempi
  • cat — do
  • celebration — dʒoːr
  • ceramic — lap
  • chain — melpa
  • chair — fug
  • chamber, enclosed area, room — ʃelu
  • change — daɣ (v. intr.)
  • chest — set
  • child — tit
  • choke — ʒox (v. tr.)
  • chomp down on, bite down — gaːm
  • city — xel
  • claim — bol
  • clandestine, hidden, secretive — tez
  • classification of governor or mayor, second to the teŋ — idʒ
  • classification of governor or over-governor, second to the mizu — teŋ
  • clay — der
  • clean — net
  • clear, transparent — ʒiː
  • cleft, divide — natʃ
  • close, near — roː
  • coil — nuːl
  • cold — fel
  • cold — feːŋ
  • come — jex
  • comfort, empathize with — naʃuʒ
  • comfort; peace — aːme
  • communicate; relay — fiːk
  • competent — jer
  • complete — koli
  • cone — ejna
  • construct, build up — leru
  • control — dʒum
  • control, manipulation — ʃaʃ
  • copulate — loʃ
  • corner — foːŋ
  • crack — ʃik (v. intr.)
  • crack — giret (n.)
  • creamy, smooth, slippery — beːs
  • crease, line — vitu
  • create — reːt
  • creep, creepy person — peːl
  • cross — uːz (v. tr.)
  • cross — dax
  • crossing of swords — zadax
  • crown — ziŋ
  • crown — zoɣ
  • crush — rutʃ
  • cry, moan — joːt
  • crystal — bel
  • cunning — viːk
  • cup — kuːn
  • cup — pol
  • curl — weːf
  • curve — ɣes
  • custom, convention — riː
  • cut someone — ret
  • cute — kiːb
  • cute little boy — tʃenti
  • dance — jaːl
  • dark — uk
  • dash forward; flee danger; be shocked or surprised suddenly — damiʃ
  • daughter — sik
  • dead — tʃod
  • death — zuːr
  • debt — rur
  • decapitate; take out out the brain — natʃ
  • delay, postpone — bik
  • delicate — tʃel
  • descend — ʒo
  • desired male — koːkpa
  • die — dev
  • dirt — tʃor
  • disgrace — zun
  • disgusting — dʒax
  • dismiss — leɣ
  • ditch — jel
  • do, make — tapi
  • dog — mos
  • doubt — xuːz
  • drag — fis
  • dream — luːl
  • drink — tiː
  • drown — sesur
  • drunk — gek
  • drunk — olu
  • dusty — tuːl
  • earth — mur
  • eat — tuz
  • eat on — inan
  • empress — mizu
  • ending — laːɣi
  • enemy — mat
  • enforcer — jug
  • entire — woːl
  • envision, imagine — fedru
  • envy, jealousy — dʒes
  • esteem, admire; respect; place the hands on the shoulders of (s.o.) in an action of gratitude or admiration — amil
  • estimate; count, reckon; work out the meaning to (s.t., often a mathematical or logical problem) — dex
  • excrement, shit — faːd
  • expect, anticipate, have predicted — urwoːl
  • extinguish — pof
  • eye — ala
  • fail — miŋ
  • fall, plummet — tru
  • fall, slip down — eden
  • family tree, lineage — teʃ
  • fasten, close together — sij
  • feather — fusi
  • feces — buːv
  • female cousin — jur
  • female servant — xeti
  • female slave — ʒeni
  • fight — tʃut
  • fight in combat; attempt to kill — tan
  • fine, exquisite — situ
  • finger — nin
  • fire — nar
  • fix, repair — tuːke
  • flame — ŋar
  • flaw — netʃ
  • flea — jit
  • floppy — mof
  • flow — mi
  • fly — elo (v.)
  • fly — fum (v.)
  • fly, little bug — diːj
  • follow — gar
  • food — fida
  • food — pet
  • foreign — metna
  • foretell, see in foresight, predict; divine (the future) — moskun
  • forget; wash — leːj
  • formal meeting — leldʒa
  • fortune, lot, fate, destiny — dʒida
  • free — lisa
  • freshwater spring — ŋatil
  • fret, be worried, be nervous; flail the hands about in a worried manner — ʃeʃen
  • friend — was
  • froth — gex
  • fruit — uː
  • gamble; count on, have faith in — kedʒ (v.)
  • garden — ʒoːv
  • gathering of leaders, council, congress, meeting — roːb
  • gaze — ʒuʒ (v.)
  • gentle — riːm
  • gentle, slow — koːm
  • gift — masuk
  • girl — xer
  • give — xis
  • go — viː
  • go back and forth — libat
  • goddess, deity — loːltʃu
  • gold; sentry — tel
  • ‘good luck!’ — maːs
  • grab — rim
  • grain — si
  • grain-based food — naŋ
  • grand — nil
  • great, grand — tʃuŋ
  • greet — kan
  • grey — ev
  • grind — oʒi
  • group, collection — tef
  • grudge — ag
  • hair — tes
  • hand — ʃer
  • hang — seg
  • hang — tede
  • hang — xitoː (v. intr.)
  • happy, contented — fuː
  • harmony — eŋul
  • hat — ziːr
  • hate — mowi
  • hatred — vel
  • head — gen
  • heart — pex
  • heavy — dʒoː
  • heiress — doːl
  • here — nan
  • hero — jux
  • hit — tentu
  • hit — wom
  • hole — buːɣ
  • holy — deːv
  • hook — eŋ
  • hoop — juŋ
  • horny — dʒil
  • house, family — naːs
  • humiliate — dʒop
  • hurry — feːs (v. intr.)
  • hurry, rush; be swift; be competent — alakad
  • impale — peʒ
  • inch along, creep — ʒum
  • indignant or rebelious child — xuːk
  • ink — xaɣ
  • intention, ambition, goal, desire — naːx
  • island — siv
  • jaw — dep
  • jewel — aʒif
  • jewel — ruːl
  • job — tof
  • join — fiːt
  • joke — ada
  • jovial — miːman
  • joy, elation — meː
  • judge, rule — juː
  • jump — tix
  • key — iːp
  • kill ritually — fet
  • kill, slaughter — bas
  • kind of knife — dar
  • knee — naːk
  • know — ges
  • knowledge — rek
  • lake — uba
  • land — na
  • last rites — oser
  • lauded, great — eʒ
  • laugh — matʃ
  • lawn — nedʒi
  • lay out, plan; array — eskek
  • lead weight — did
  • leader — keded
  • leaf — ŋiw
  • leg — lan
  • lend — diː
  • lie down, recline; relax, go into remission; become limp — ned
  • life — kiː
  • light — fim
  • little bird — tuk
  • lock — iːli
  • long for, yearn for — jin
  • look — six
  • lose (a battle, argument, etc.) — tʃuv
  • love (romantic) — nilur
  • lover — nilutʃ
  • loyalist with power — mevxi
  • lukewarm — temu
  • lush, drunkard — sape
  • make beautiful — mal
  • make dry; suck the life essence from (s.t.), deplete; make thirsty — aris
  • make wet, drown, dip in water — pod
  • male cousin — ʒe
  • male sevant — nadi
  • malice — jiːz
  • man — siːn
  • manufacture, fabricate — udof
  • marker — zeb
  • mate, consort — kuj (n.)
  • maternal grandmother — er
  • measure of water — ɣuŋ
  • metal — diŋ
  • milk of an animal — goɣ
  • mirror — num
  • mix — okiːr
  • moist, damp — oːp
  • moon — feːk
  • morbid — ʃadʒ
  • mother — maː
  • mourn — laːm
  • mourning, grief — lun
  • mouse — mip
  • mouth — neːpla
  • move — bim (v. tr.)
  • muck, mud — mit
  • music — gexa
  • nasty. gross, disgusting — luːl
  • nectar, juice — ad
  • new mother — nuv
  • noble lady — rexne
  • non-purebred female — vaː
  • nourish, feed — des
  • nursemaid — kakiː
  • nursemaid — vadu
  • oblivion — woːz
  • oil — unti
  • older sister — nas
  • origin — guːt
  • painful — asteŋ
  • pale — los
  • partner, associate — kin
  • pass down to, bestow upon, give — linod
  • password — xaː
  • payment — fem
  • pearl — lil
  • peel, strip away — kerid
  • pepper — pif
  • perform, carry out, go ahead and do (s.t.) — korod
  • person — zun
  • pick — gawel (n.)
  • pierce — rix
  • place — don
  • plan, project; military campaign — poʒ
  • plant — jor
  • platoon — seza
  • please, satisfy — misa
  • pleasing — ŋistul
  • pleasing, pretty, appealing — jiːs
  • plump — oki
  • pole — lux
  • pot — roːg
  • pour — uːl
  • pouring rainstorm — kuli
  • pretty — vetu
  • previous — ez
  • promise, pact — dʒuŋ
  • protect — guv
  • pull — gal
  • punch down, knock out — nox
  • push away, reject — jeːk
  • quarrel, verbal fight — fuːn
  • queen, empress, female ruler — fex
  • question — puva
  • raise the eyebrow — tʃi
  • rally, bring together, muster up, strengthen — lut
  • recognize someone else’s surrender, « pull one’s punches » — pom
  • red — fuɣ
  • reflection — mev
  • reject, throw away, denounce; disown; abandon — mari
  • reroute — trak
  • revolve — puweːl
  • right to challenge another female for the possession of a given male (based on the name of a noble woman who first demanded this rite) — fira sena fim
  • ritual — dʒiːnta
  • river — ruː
  • road — dʒiɣ
  • road — troŋ
  • roll — wew
  • rough, scratchy — reta
  • run — rem
  • rush of water — fuʒ
  • sack, pilage — reːke
  • sad — lep
  • sail — paːroŋ (v.)
  • sand — dez
  • scare — luːma
  • scheme, plot cunningly; spy on with bad intentions — mambed
  • schism — tʃev
  • scold, chastise; mark as undesirable or incorrect; stigmatize — tʃixen
  • scold, reprimand, punish — dʒek
  • sea — ter
  • seal — kap
  • sear, burn, char — pas
  • see — ur
  • seed — tʃux
  • serious — niːv
  • sex (the activity) — mij
  • sexually abstinate — prot
  • sexually appealing — mijil
  • shape — suːr
  • shield — lel
  • shoot — vate
  • sick — gax
  • sister (of a male) — ʃala
  • sit down — mor
  • sit down — poːna
  • skin — pil
  • sky — riːj
  • slide — iːval (v.)
  • smart — dʒeːn
  • smell — eːj (v.)
  • smoke — niːs
  • smooth — viːz
  • sneeze — fiw
  • sniff — leʃ
  • snow — lej
  • snowflake — tiːl
  • soldier — teːŋ
  • solid; grounded — pred
  • son, boy — miːni
  • son, male child — vaz
  • sound — wir
  • space, air, atmosphere — wetʃ
  • sphere — parof
  • spike; flame — viŋ
  • spin — tʃuki (v. tr.)
  • spirit — eːd
  • springtime — fes
  • spy, watch unseen; perceive intuitively in a subtle or private way (fig.) — gir
  • stab — kava
  • stab — nuŋo
  • stake — kred
  • stand up, rise — vedi
  • star — suːwa
  • stasis — goːlna
  • statue — goːɣol
  • steal — ʒok
  • stick — ut
  • sticky — gakwa
  • sting, burn, bite — xot
  • stomp; rage violently; punish; be wrathful — naːʃ
  • straight — fit
  • strangle — wiːn
  • stream — poːl
  • strike — tetʃ
  • string instrumental (played by stretching a wire across a threshold) — sim
  • strive, try, attempt — poːv
  • stuff, pack — tʃiːt
  • stupid — kut
  • stupid, dumb — oːs
  • stupid, slow — lol
  • style — lijil (n.)
  • summer — nesia
  • sun — nak
  • sweet — wiv
  • sword — za
  • syrup — siːb
  • tactic — sug
  • take — won
  • take — ɣik
  • tall — laːr
  • tart in flavor — jem
  • temple — itar
  • thief — wedi
  • thin, skinny — wal
  • thing that flies — fuma
  • third daughter — kiv
  • throat — ax
  • throw — ŋab
  • throw, pitch — das
  • thumb — xeː
  • thunder — goŋ
  • tie up — bun
  • tight — ɣinti
  • tip — jiːb
  • tip — wiŋ
  • to inch along, go slowly and/or carefully — piled
  • touch — mil
  • trample — nax
  • trap — met (v.)
  • trashy, slutty — buːrak
  • tree — win
  • trial — vil
  • trick; strategy — gin
  • trouble — xix
  • truce, peace treaty — kris
  • try — ar
  • try — sev
  • tuber — tet
  • tumbleweed — liːol
  • twilight — mon
  • type of blade — res
  • type of knife, dagger — xat
  • type of tree — kalpun
  • unconscious — jed
  • uncover, find — ŋos
  • under — ket
  • value, love, admire, respect — te
  • ventilate — dus
  • victory — fiv
  • vomit; heave — reka
  • wait on, serve, tend to, do the bidding of (s.o.) — ixe
  • walk — ʃof
  • wall — lo
  • wall — voːl
  • wander — wiːl
  • want — teri
  • war — kaːvi
  • warm — fuːl
  • warm — xur
  • warn — geːd
  • warning — loːr
  • water — luj
  • waver, be about to fall — poter
  • wedge — ŋef
  • weep — oːr
  • wet — nuj
  • wheel — pel
  • white, pale — leːda
  • wine — voʃ
  • wing — nov
  • winter — raːl
  • wire — fad
  • wither — nef
  • woman — mel
  • world — van
  • worthy — kes
  • wrath, rage — taran
  • write — koːn
  • write — viv
  • yellow — dek
  • young child, toddler — ʃu
  • younger sister — nis